Insurance Companies Use Unlawful Policy Provisions to Burn Homeowners on Wildfire Claims: Report

A Consumer Watchdog examination of public filings reveals that insurance companies have inserted provisions into the fine print of their home, condo and renters’ insurance policies that allow them to limit or deny coverage after a wildfire in violation of California law. Read the report, "Up in Smoke: How Insurance Companies and the Insurance Commissioner Burn Wildfire Victims," here: https://consumerwatchdog.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UP%20IN%20SMOKE%20report.pdf

Among the provisions are:

Limits on "Smoke Damage" Recovery – Smoke is often the most common and costly result of wildfires. Insurance companies have adopted policy provisions that treat "smoke damage" as separate from "fire damage" and limit compensation for smoke damage to far less than the total policy coverage for fire.
Arbitrary Loss Reporting Triggers – State law only requires policyholders to report a loss in a timely manner. Instead of setting the timeframe to report based on the date of the loss, some insurance companies arbitrarily base the reporting trigger on another event, such as the "start date of the wildfire," potentially resulting in the company denying a claim as late.
Sub-limits on Recovery – California law requires fire insurance policies to cover "all loss by fire." But some companies limit compensation if a homeowner misses a reporting deadline or based on the type of fire loss (as, for example, smoke damage sub-limits noted above).
Inception of Coverage Exclusions – These provisions say that a policyholder has no coverage for wildfire losses that occur within a certain time after the policy was purchased (usually 72 hours).
Appraisal Provisions Preventing Suit – Such provisions prevent a policyholder from suing an insurance company in court over a claim dispute either (1) without first going through a loss appraisal process; or (2) after going through appraisal.
All of these provisions are unlawful under California law. Consumer Watchdog has also discovered that many insurers are unlawfully failing to notify policyholders of their legal rights after a government-declared wildfire disaster.

Among the companies whose policies contain these unlawful provisions are Farmers, Travelers, Nationwide, and the California FAIR Plan. The FAIR Plan is a government-mandated but insurance industry–controlled organization that sells policies to Californians who cannot find coverage in the marketplace—a population that has grown rapidly as private companies have refused to sell insurance in communities throughout California.

Indeed, an as yet unannounced internal audit of the FAIR Plan, conducted by California Department of Insurance investigators, confirms that FAIR Plan policies contain provisions limiting compensation for "smoke damage" – and that they violate California law.

Consumer Advocates See Unlawful Claims Practices

California regulators, who are required to review home insurance policies for compliance with state law, should never have allowed these policies to be sold, said Consumer Watchdog. Policy provisions that allow companies to deny or restrict coverage directly affect rates and premiums. Thus, under insurance reform Proposition 103, insurance companies must submit such policies to the Commissioner, justify the rates they propose to charge for those policies, and obtain the Commissioner’s approval.

"The financial harm and personal trauma that homeowners experience when their insurance company refuses to pay legitimate claims is incalculable," said Harvey Rosenfield, the author of Proposition 103, and founder of Consumer Watchdog. "Insurance companies have lowballed payments or denied coverage altogether when people filed a claim after the horrendous wildfires that swept the state in recent years. The frustration and heartbreak of fighting with an insurance company over the insurance coverage you already paid for can be as bad as the catastrophe itself. Insurance Commissioner Lara must take immediate actions to rectify this gross injustice and enforce the law."

Insurance Commissioner Lara has scheduled a public hearing on the FAIR Plan on Wednesday, July 13, 2022, at 9 am in Oakland.

Demand for Commissioner Lara’s Immediate Action

Consumer Watchdog called on Commissioner Lara to: (1) stop approving policies that are illegal; (2) use the full authority of his office to get insurance companies to reopen and pay claims that were reduced or denied on unlawful grounds (as Insurance Commissioner John Garamendi did after the 1991 Oakland Hills fires); (3) levy maximum financial penalties against insurance companies that broke the law; and (4) investigate and seek criminal prosecution of the companies and corporate executives who defrauded policyholders, including for conspiracy to reduce coverages in violation of state antitrust laws. The organization also called for an independent audit of the agency’s failure to recognize and stop the illegal conduct.

Since taking office in January 2019, Insurance Commissioner Lara has made a point to visit communities devastated by wildfires and has repeatedly pledged to protect Californians against wildfire insurance abuses. Regulations have been proposed, but not yet adopted, that would require insurance companies to give homeowners a discount on their premiums for reducing the risk of their homes and property, and Consumer Watchdog has urged the Commissioner to close a dangerous loophole in their language.

Read Consumer Watchdog’s Report here: https://consumerwatchdog.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/UP%20IN%20SMOKE%20report.pdf

Read the CDI FAIR Plan audit here: https://consumerwatchdog.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/CA%20FAIR%20PLAN%20ASSOCIATION%20-%2003-18-21%20-%20Report.pdf

Read Consumer Watchdog’s Comments on the latest draft homeowner regulations proposed by Commissioner Lara here: https://consumerwatchdog.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/2022-07-01%20CWD%20Comments%20REG-2020-00015.pdf