Authority. Subject to the provisions of the New York City Health Code or other applicable law, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene may take such action as may become necessary to assure the maintenance of public health, the prevention of disease, or the safety of the city and its residents.

Police Power and Limitations.

(a) It shall be the duty of an attending physician, or a person in charge of a hospital, clinic, nursing home or other medical facility to isolate a case, carrier, suspect case or suspect carrier of diphtheria, rubella (German measles), influenza with pandemic potential, invasive meningococcal disease, measles, monkeypox, mumps, pertussis, poliomyelitis, pneumonic form of plague, severe or novel coronavirus, vancomycin intermediate or resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA/VRSA), smallpox, tuberculosis (active), vaccinia disease, viral hemorrhagic fever or any other contagious disease that in the opinion of the commissioner may pose an imminent and significant threat to the public health, in a manner consistent with recognized infection control principles and isolation procedures in accordance with state Department of Health regulations or guidelines pending further action by the commissioner or designee.

(b) Whenever the person in charge of a shelter, group residence, correctional facility or other place providing medical care on-site is not capable of implementing appropriate isolation precautions for the specific disease, upon discovering a case, carrier, suspect case or suspect carrier of a contagious disease of the kind as set forth in subdivision (a), such person in charge shall mask such individual, if indicated, and shall isolate the individual by placing him or her in a single room as instructed by the department until such time as the individual can be transported to an appropriate healthcare facility that is capable of implementing appropriate isolation precautions for the specific disease.

(c) The person in charge of a school, day care facility, camp or other congregate care setting with children under the age of 6, homeless shelter, correctional facility, group residence or other congregate residential setting providing care or shelter shall, upon discovering a case, carrier, suspect case or suspect carrier of a contagious disease set forth in subdivision (a) shall mask such person, if indicated, and isolate the individual by placing him or her in a single room as instructed by the department until the person can be safely transferred to an appropriate medical facility for evaluation.

(d) A case, contact, carrier or suspect case, contact or carrier of a contagious disease set forth in subdivision (a) who is not hospitalized may, in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (k) of §11.23 of this article, be ordered by the department to remain in isolation or quarantine at home or other residence of his or her choosing that is acceptable to the department, under such conditions and for such duration as the department may specify to prevent transmission of the disease to others.

Penalties. (a) No person shall intentionally or negligently cause or promote the spread of disease:

(1) By failure to observe, or by improper observance of, applicable requirements of isolation, quarantine, exclusion, treatment or other preventive measures, or by failing to take other precautions in caring for cases or carriers, or suspect cases or carriers of a contagious disease; or

(2) By unnecessarily exposing himself or herself to other persons, knowing himself or herself to be a case or carrier, or suspect case or carrier of a contagious disease; or,

(3) By unnecessarily exposing a person in his or her charge or under his or her care, knowing such person to be a case or carrier or suspect case or carrier of a contagious disease, to other persons; or,

(4) By unnecessarily exposing a person in his or her charge or under his or her care to another person who is known to be a case or carrier, or suspect case or carrier of a contagious disease; or,

(5) By unnecessarily exposing the remains of a person in his or her charge or under his or her care, knowing such person to have been a case or carrier or suspect case or carrier of a contagious disease at the time of his or her death, to other persons.

Authority. Every local board of health and every health officer may provide for care and isolation of cases of communicable disease in a hospital or elsewhere when necessary for protection of the public health.

Penalties. 1. Whenever a complaint is made by a physician to a health officer that any person is afflicted with a communicable disease or is a carrier of typhoid fever, tuberculosis, diphtheria or other communicable disease and is unable or unwilling to conduct himself and to live in such a manner as not to expose members of his family or household or other persons with whom he may be associated to danger of infection, the health officer shall forthwith investigate the circumstances alleged. 2. If the health officer finds after investigation that a person so afflicted is a menace to others, he shall make and file a complaint against such person with a magistrate, and on such complaint the said person shall be brought before such magistrate. 3. The magistrate after due notice and a hearing, if satisfied that the complaint of the health officer is well-founded and that the afflicted person is a source of danger to others, may commit the said person to any hospital or institution established for the care of persons suffering from any such communicable disease or maintaining a room, ward or wards for such persons. 4. In making such commitment the magistrate shall make such order for payment for the care and maintenance of the person committed as he may deem proper. 5. A person who is committed pursuant to the provisions of this section shall be deemed to be committed until discharged in the manner authorized by section 2,123 of this chapter. See more at: http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/nycode/PBH/21/2/2120#sthash.pK1brPk2.dpuf

Police Power and Limitations. The magistrate after due notice and a hearing, if satisfied that the complaint of the health officer is well-founded and that the afflicted person is a source of danger to others, may commit the said person to any hospital or institution established for the care of persons suffering from any such communicable disease or maintaining a room, ward or wards for such persons.

Authority. The state health director and a local health director are empowered to exercise quarantine and isolation authority.

Police Power and Limitations. Quarantine or isolation can be imposed for 30 days. The individual so restricted can challenge the order in superior court. The period of restriction can be increased a further 30 days if still necessary for protection of public health by petition to the superior court.

ND Cent. Code § 23-07-06-02 (1)

Authority. The state health officer or any local health officer may order any person or group into confinement by a written directive if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person or group is infected with any communicable disease, the state health officer or local health officer determines that the person or group poses a substantial threat to the public health, and confinement is necessary and is the least restrictive alternative to protect or preserve the public health.

ND Cent. Code § 23-07-06-02(3)

Penalties. Persons subject to isolation or quarantine shall obey the health officer's rules and orders and must not go beyond the isolation or quarantine premises. Failure to obey these provisions is a class B misdemeanor.

A person, other than a person authorized by the state or local health officer, must not enter isolation or quarantine premises. Failure to obey this provision is a class B misdemeanor.

ND Cent. Code § 23-07-06-08

Police Power & Limitations. The state or a local health officer, within that officer's jurisdiction, may temporarily isolate or quarantine an individual or groups of individuals through a written directive if delay in imposing the isolation or quarantine would significantly jeopardize the health officer's ability to prevent or limit the transmission of a contagious or possibly contagious disease to others.

At a hearing conducted under this chapter, the health officer who ordered confinement has the burden of showing by a preponderance of the evidence that the respondent is infected with a communicable disease, poses a substantial threat to the public health, and that confinement Page No. 3 of the respondent is necessary and is the least restrictive alternative to protect or preserve the public health.

Ohio R.C. § 3701.13

Authority. The department of health shall have supervision of all matters relating to the preservation of the life and health of the people and have ultimate authority in matters of quarantine and isolation, which it may declare and enforce, when neither exists, and modify, relax, or abolish, when either has been established.

When a person known to have been exposed to a communicable disease declared quarantinable by the board of health of a city or general health district or the department of health is reported within its jurisdiction, the board shall at once restrict such person to his place of residence or other suitable place, prohibit entrance to or exit from such place without the board's written permission in such manner as to prevent effective contact with individuals not so exposed, and enforce such restrictive measures as are prescribed by the department.