In response to an explosion of “toxic mold” claims at the turn of the century, universal exclusions for mold, fungi and bacteria related losses were introduced faster and on a wider scale than any exclusion in the history of the insurance business. The exclusions for fungi and bacteria are by far the most onerous total pollution exclusions ever conceived.These expansive exclusions for a very common cause of loss were slammed into virtually all property and liability insurance policies without instruction manuals on what was being excluded.