Cyberattacks and Satellite Threats Highlight Growing Risks in Space-Based Warfare

During Russia’s Victory Day celebrations, pro-Kremlin hackers took control of a satellite providing television service to Ukraine. Instead of regular programming, viewers saw a broadcast of Moscow’s military parade. This cyberattack highlighted how warfare now includes cyberspace and orbital assets, not just traditional battlegrounds. With over 12,000 satellites orbiting Earth, the risk of attacks on critical space infrastructure is growing.

Cybersecurity experts warn that even without destroying satellites, interfering with their communication systems can cause serious disruption. In 2022, a cyberattack attributed to Russia affected the U.S.-based Viasat system used by Ukraine’s military. The incident knocked out service across large parts of Europe. More recently, U.S. officials revealed Russia is developing a space-based nuclear weapon that could disable all satellites in low-Earth orbit. If deployed, it would violate international treaties and could cripple communications, navigation, and early warning systems.

Space competition is also heating up on the moon. The U.S. plans to place a nuclear reactor there to support future missions and claim key energy resources like helium-3. China and Russia have announced similar intentions. The moon’s resources could play a vital role in future energy production, making space dominance a matter of economic and geopolitical power.

To counter these threats, the U.S. has expanded the Space Force, which is tasked with protecting American satellites and asserting control in orbit. Although the U.S. has led in space since the Cold War, the rising capabilities of Russia and China have triggered concerns about maintaining that edge. Officials emphasize that proactive security measures are necessary to prevent conflict in space from becoming reality.