EPA Plans to Weaken Drinking Water Limits on Emerging PFAS Chemicals

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is preparing to revise the nation’s first federal drinking water limits for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), widely known as "forever chemicals." While keeping stringent standards for two legacy compounds, PFOA and PFOS, the agency intends to rescind limits for newer PFAS types, including GenX chemicals found in North Carolina. Utilities will also receive an additional two years—until 2031—to comply with the remaining standards.

The rule, initially finalized under the Biden administration, aimed to reduce health risks linked to PFAS exposure, including certain cancers and developmental issues. However, the EPA is now adjusting course after pushback from water utilities and legal challenges questioning the agency’s regulatory authority over PFAS mixtures and newer variants. The rollback aligns with positions taken by utilities, many of which face steep infrastructure costs and compliance hurdles.

Public health advocates are critical of the decision, arguing it undercuts hard-won protections and may violate provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act. Environmental groups warn that focusing solely on older PFAS could limit treatment effectiveness and reduce accountability for pollution caused by newer chemical variants.

With billions already earmarked through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and PFAS litigation settlements, utilities are navigating a shifting regulatory landscape. The EPA’s revised approach underscores the challenge of balancing public health protections, scientific uncertainty, and the financial burden on water providers, especially in smaller or rural communities.